Choosing a dog breed involves more than just personality and appearance—lifespan matters too. While all dogs deserve love and care, some breeds sadly have shorter lifespans due to their size, genetics, or common health conditions. In this blog, we explore 6 dog breeds with the shortest lifespans and uncover the key reasons why they don’t live as long as others. From giant breeds like the Great Dane and Irish Wolfhound to protective companions like the Neapolitan Mastiff, these dogs often face serious health challenges that affect their longevity.
Understanding these risks can help you make informed choices and provide the best possible care. Whether you’re considering adopting one of these breeds or simply want to learn more, this guide breaks down the health issues, genetic factors, and lifestyle considerations that contribute to their shortened lifespans. With the right knowledge and care, you can still offer these breeds a happy, fulfilling life.
1. French Mastiff (Dogue de Bordeaux)
The French Mastiff, also known as the Dogue de Bordeaux, is one of the dog breeds with the shortest average lifespans, typically living only 5 to 8 years. This large, muscular breed is known for its loyalty and protective nature but is unfortunately prone to various health issues that shorten its lifespan. One major factor is its massive size, as larger breeds tend to age faster and suffer from joint and organ issues earlier in life.
The Dogue de Bordeaux is particularly susceptible to heart problems like dilated cardiomyopathy, as well as respiratory difficulties due to its brachycephalic (flat-faced) skull structure. Obesity can also worsen these conditions, placing extra strain on their heart and joints. Their relatively short lifespan is also linked to a high incidence of cancer and inherited genetic disorders. To improve their quality of life, regular vet check-ups, a balanced diet, and weight management are crucial.
2. Great Dane
Great Danes are often referred to as “gentle giants,” known for their towering height and sweet nature. However, they are also one of the shortest-lived dog breeds, with an average lifespan of just 6 to 8 years. Their enormous size puts them at higher risk for a range of health issues, particularly related to the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. One of the most common and deadly conditions affecting Great Danes is gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), also known as bloat.
This life-threatening condition occurs when the stomach twists, trapping gas and cutting off blood supply, which requires immediate emergency surgery. Additionally, Great Danes are susceptible to heart diseases like dilated cardiomyopathy and osteosarcoma (bone cancer), which is more prevalent in larger breeds. Hip dysplasia and arthritis are also common due to the strain their large frame places on their joints. Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help mitigate some of these risks.
3. Bernese Mountain Dog
The Bernese Mountain Dog is a large working breed from Switzerland, cherished for its affectionate, calm nature and striking tricolor coat. Sadly, these gentle giants have a relatively short lifespan, averaging just 6 to 8 years. One of the primary reasons for their short life expectancy is a high predisposition to cancer, especially histiocytic sarcoma, a type of aggressive cancer that can affect various organs. The Bernese Mountain Dog is also prone to musculoskeletal disorders such as hip and elbow dysplasia, which can cause chronic pain and limit mobility.
Their thick, double-layer coat makes them vulnerable to overheating, particularly in warmer climates. Furthermore, because of their rapid growth as puppies, they are more susceptible to joint and bone problems later in life. Genetic factors play a significant role in their shortened lifespan, so ethical breeding practices focusing on health screening are crucial in improving longevity in this breed.
4. Irish Wolfhound
The Irish Wolfhound is known as one of the tallest dog breeds in the world, with a commanding yet gentle presence. Despite their impressive stature and calm temperament, these dogs have a very short average lifespan of just 6 to 8 years. Like other large breeds, Irish Wolfhounds are prone to rapid aging and age-related illnesses. Heart disease, particularly dilated cardiomyopathy, is a common cause of early death in this breed.
They are also at high risk for bone cancer (osteosarcoma), which is especially aggressive and difficult to treat. Their fast growth rate as puppies can result in developmental orthopedic diseases that affect their mobility and comfort as they age. Additionally, their deep chest makes them susceptible to gastric torsion or bloat. Owners of Irish Wolfhounds must be diligent with veterinary care, feeding routines, and moderate exercise to manage their health challenges and ensure a good quality of life.
5. Neapolitan Mastiff
Neapolitan Mastiffs are known for their distinctive loose, wrinkled skin and protective instincts, making them a favorite among guard dog breeds. However, they typically have a short lifespan, living around 7 to 9 years. As with other large and giant breeds, their size contributes significantly to early onset health problems. Joint issues such as hip and elbow dysplasia are common, often leading to mobility problems and chronic pain. These dogs also tend to suffer from cardiac conditions and are vulnerable to gastric torsion or bloat, a potentially fatal condition.
Neapolitan Mastiffs have a brachycephalic skull shape, which can cause breathing difficulties, especially in hot weather. Their heavy body also means they’re more prone to obesity, which exacerbates existing health problems. Responsible ownership, including proper nutrition, weight management, and regular vet visits, is vital for maintaining their health. Choosing breeders who prioritize health over appearance can also make a significant difference in their longevity.
6. Saint Bernard
Saint Bernards are gentle giants with a loving nature, often portrayed as rescue dogs in snowy mountain scenes. Unfortunately, their average lifespan is only around 8 to 10 years. Their large size and rapid growth as puppies lead to increased risk of orthopedic conditions like hip and elbow dysplasia. They are also prone to heart disease, particularly dilated cardiomyopathy, and are susceptible to gastric torsion or bloat due to their deep chest. Obesity is another major concern for this breed, as excess weight puts added stress on their joints and organs.
Saint Bernards may also face heat intolerance due to their thick coat, which can exacerbate other health issues. Additionally, some lines of Saint Bernards are genetically predisposed to epilepsy and certain types of cancer. To help extend their lives, owners should focus on early training, consistent veterinary care, and providing a balanced diet with controlled feeding practices.
Bottom Line
While it’s heartbreaking to know that some dog breeds live shorter lives, being aware of the risks allows pet owners to offer better care. Larger breeds like the Dogue de Bordeaux, Great Dane, and Saint Bernard face challenges like heart disease, joint issues, and cancer.
Despite their short lifespans, these dogs can enjoy a high quality of life with proper attention, regular vet checkups, and a healthy lifestyle. Choosing reputable breeders and understanding breed-specific health issues are key steps in ensuring your dog lives their best life, no matter how many years you get to spend together.
FAQs
Why do large dog breeds have shorter lifespans?
Larger dog breeds age faster and are more prone to heart issues, joint problems, and certain cancers, which reduces their overall lifespan.
Can I extend the lifespan of a short-lived breed?
Yes, with regular vet care, a balanced diet, proper exercise, and early detection of health issues, you can improve their quality of life and potentially extend their lifespan.
Are short-lived dog breeds less healthy?
Not always, but they are more susceptible to specific health conditions due to genetics, body size, and breed structure.
Should I avoid getting a breed with a short lifespan?
Not necessarily. If you’re prepared for the responsibility and committed to their care, even short-lived breeds can bring years of joy and companionship.